ABSTRACT Introduction: Soccer is characterized by high intensity and great competitiveness, and several sports injuries frequently occur; one of the main categories of injuries is the non-contact ones. Objective: Study the situation of non-contact injuries in soccer and analyze its preventive measures. Methods: The experimental group adopted the intermittent training method to strengthen the proprioception and coordination ability of the athletes. In contrast, the control group adopted mainly traditional aerobic training, with a 40-day duration. Results: Among non-contact injuries in soccer sports, lower limb sprain and joint injuries represented an eminently serious proportion. After preventive exercise, the total FMS test score of the experimental group was 16.75 points, an increase of 26.03%, and that of the control group was 14.14 points, an increase of 3.49%. The performance of the experimental group was significantly improved. Conclusion: The sports training mode proposed in this study significantly reduces the probability of non-contact injuries during sports. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: El fútbol se caracteriza por alta intensidad y gran competitividad, teniendo también varias lesiones deportivas que ocurren con frecuencia, siendo una de las principales categorías de lesiones las de no contacto. Objetivo: Estudiar la situación de las lesiones sin contacto en el fútbol y analizar sus medidas preventivas. Métodos: El grupo experimental adoptó el método de entrenamiento intermitente para reforzar la propiocepción y la capacidad de coordinación de los atletas, mientras que el grupo de control adoptó principalmente el entrenamiento aeróbico tradicional, con una duración de 40 días. Resultados: Entre las lesiones sin contacto en los deportes de fútbol, los esguinces de miembros inferiores y las lesiones articulares representaron una proporción eminentemente grave. Tras el ejercicio preventivo, la puntuación total de la prueba FMS del grupo experimental fue de 16,75 puntos, con un aumento del 26,03%, y la del grupo de control fue de 14,14 puntos, con un aumento del 3,49%. El rendimiento del grupo experimental mejoró significativamente. Conclusión: El modo de entrenamiento deportivo propuesto en este estudio reduce significativamente la probabilidad de lesiones sin contacto durante la práctica deportiva. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: O futebol caracteriza-se por alta intensidade e grande competitividade, havendo também diversas lesões esportivas que ocorrem com frequência, sendo uma das principais categorias de lesões as sem contato. Objetivo: Estudar a situação das lesões sem contato no futebol e analisar suas medidas preventivas. Métodos: O grupo experimental adotou o método de treinamento intermitente para fortalecer a propriocepção e a capacidade de coordenação dos atletas, enquanto o grupo de controle adotou principalmente o treinamento aeróbico tradicional, com duração de 40 dias. Resultados: Entre as lesões sem contato nos esportes futebolísticos, a distensão dos membros inferiores e as lesões articulares representaram uma proporção eminentemente grave. Após o exercício preventivo, a pontuação total do teste FMS do grupo experimental foi 16,75 pontos, incrementada em 26,03%, e a do grupo de controle foi 14,14 pontos, incrementada em 3,49%. O desempenho do grupo experimental foi significativamente aperfeiçoado. Conclusão: O modo de treinamento esportivo proposto neste trabalho permite reduzir significativamente a probabilidade de lesões sem contato durante o esporte. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Abstract In this work, an immersion freezing system was proposed to shorten the total freezing time and improve the quality of frozen food. The thermal performance of the refrigerant liquid prepared for using in the immersion freezing system was evaluated. A three-dimensional model (3D) was developed to investigate the dynamic characteristics of food freezing process. The effects of the refrigerant liquid inlet flow rate, inlet temperature, total freezing time and freezing rate of chicken breast, velocity and temperature distribution in the immersion freezing system were investigated. In addition, the freezing rates of food using traditional air-blast freezing and the proposed immersion freezing were evaluated. The results showed that the freezing rate of food in immersion freezing was approximately 12.85 times higher than that of the traditional air-blast freezing. When the flow rate increased from 0.11 kg·s-1 to 0.63 kg·s-1, the total freezing time shortened by 36.9%. When the temperature decreased from -25 ºC to -40 ºC, the total freezing time shortened by 35.5%. However, the temperature of the refrigerant liquid should not be too low, which will lead to high viscosity of the liquid, thus resulting in increasing in the overall power consumption of the proposed system.

Abstract Background: IGF-1 may be an important factor in bone remodeling, but its mechanism of action on osteoclasts during orthodontic tooth movement is complex and unclear. Methodology: The closed-coil spring was placed between the left maxillary first molar and upper incisors with a force of 50 g to establish an orthodontic movement model. Eighty SD rats were randomized to receive phosphate buffer saline or 400 ng rhIGF-1 in the lateral buccal mucosa of the left maxillary first molar every two days. Tissue sections were stained for tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase (TRAP), the number of TRAP-positive cells was estimated and tooth movement measured. Results: The rhIGF-1 group exhibited evidential bone resorption and lacuna appeared on the alveolar bone compared to the control group. Moreover, the number of osteoclasts in compression side of the periodontal ligament in the rhIGF-1 group peaked at day 4 (11.37±0.95 compared to 5.28±0.47 in the control group) after the orthodontic force was applied and was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.01). Furthermore, the distance of tooth movement in the rhIGF-1 group was significantly larger than that of the control group from day 4 to day 14 (p<0.01), suggesting that rhIGF-1 accelerated orthodontic tooth movement. Conclusion: Our study has showed that rhIGF-1 could stimulate the formation of osteoclasts in the periodontal ligament, and accelerate bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement.

The objective of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of 0.2% hyaluronic acid (HA) topical gel and dexamethasone topical ointment in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU) in children. This retrospective observational study included 104 patients who had more than two episodes of oral aphthous ulcers per year and were treated with HA (n=52) or dexamethasone (n=52) from August 15, 2014 to September 3, 2018. Therapy efficacy was evaluated based on the ulcer size and pain score before versus 7 days after either therapy. The paired t-test, chi-squared test, and independent t-test were utilized for statistical analyses. There was no significant difference in ulcer size or pain score between the HA and dexamethasone groups, on day 1 or day 7. Both treatments were tolerated well and no side effects were reported. No significant differences in body temperature, respiration rate, pulse, or systolic/diastolic blood pressure were observed between the start (day 1) and end of treatment (day 7), for either treatment. HA and dexamethasone showed similar efficacy in reducing ulcer size and pain scores, and were tolerated equally well in children with RAU. Future high-quality studies with larger numbers of patients are needed to confirm our findings.

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the apoptotic mechanisms in rabbits with blast-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Methods: A total of 40 rabbits were randomly divided into a blank control group (A, n=10) and an experimental group (EXP, n=30). Explosion-induced chest-ALI models were prepared and sampled at different time points (4, 12, and 24h after modeling, T1-T3) to test the lung dry weight/wet weight ratio (W/D) and arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2), apoptosis of lung tissue by the TUNEL assay, and Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 levels by immunohistochemical analysis. Furthermore, lung tissue was sampled to observe pathological morphology by microscopy. Results: Under a light microscope, Group EXP exhibited obvious edema in the pulmonary interstitial substance and alveoli, a large number of red blood cells, inflammatory cells, and serous exudation in the alveolar cavity, as well as thickening of the pulmonary interstitial fluid. Compared to Group A, the W/D ratio was significantly increased in Group EXP (P<0.01), while PaO2 was significantly reduced (P<0.01). The apoptosis index was significantly increased (P<0.01), and caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 levels were increased (P<0.01). Conclusion: Apoptosis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of acute lung injury in rabbits by participating in lung injury and promoting the progression of ALI.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of using free gracilis muscle transfer along with the brachialis muscle branch of the musculocutaneous nerve to restore finger and thumb flexion in lower trunk brachial plexus injury according to an anatomical study and a case report. METHODS: Thirty formalin-fixed upper extremities from 15 adult cadavers were used in this study. The distance from the point at which the brachialis muscle branch of the musculocutaneous nerve originates to the midpoint of the humeral condylar was measured, as well as the length, diameter, course and branch type of the brachialis muscle branch of the musculocutaneous nerve. An 18-year-old male who sustained an injury to the left brachial plexus underwent free gracilis transfer using the brachialis muscle branch of the musculocutaneous nerve as the donor nerve to restore finger and thumb flexion. Elbow flexion power and hand grip strength were recorded according to British Medical Research Council standards. Postoperative measures of the total active motion of the fingers were obtained monthly. RESULTS: The mean length and diameter of the brachialis muscle branch of the musculocutaneous nerve were 52.66±6.45 and 1.39±0.09 mm, respectively, and three branching types were observed. For the patient, the first gracilis contraction occurred during the 4th month. A noticeable improvement was observed in digit flexion one year later; the muscle power was M4, and the total active motion of the fingers was 209°. CONCLUSIONS: Repairing injury to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus by transferring the brachialis muscle branch of the musculocutaneous nerve to the anterior branch of the obturator nerve using a tension-free direct suture is technically feasible, and the clinical outcome was satisfactory in a single surgical patient.

A subway train-steel spring floating slab track-tunnel coupling dynamic model, considering short and middle-long wavelength random track irregularities, and longitudinal connection between adjacent slabs of steel spring floating slab track, was developed. And the influence of slab length on dynamic characteristics of the system under different track conditions and train speeds are theoretically studied. The calculated results show: (1) In general, the acceleration of each component of the coupled system decreases with the increase of slab length under the perfectly smooth track condition; (2) Slab length has different influence laws on acceleration of each component of subway train-steel spring floating slab track-tunnel coupled system under random irregularity of track condition. The lower the dominant frequency distribution of vibration acceleration is, the higher influence slab length has; (3) With the increase of slab length, the force of rail, fastener and steel spring also decreases significantly, which helps to lengthen the service life of these components; (4) With the increase of slab length, the longitudinal bending moment of slab increases sharply at first, then it begins to drop slightly. When slab length exceeds the distance between two bogies of a vehicle, the longitudinal bending moment of slab changes little; (5) Slab length has significant influence on the dynamic force and displacement of the coupled system when train speed is higher.

A series of hydrazone compounds, 4-methyl-N'-(4-nitrobenzylidene)benzohydrazide methanol solvate (1), N'-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-4-methylbenzohydrazide dimethanol solvate (2), and N'-(3,5-dibromobenzylidene)-4-methylbenzohydrazide (3), derived from 4-methylbenzohydrazide with different benzaldehydes, were synthesized and characterized by physico-chemical methods and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystals of the compounds are stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonds, as well as π···π stacking interactions. Antibacterial activity of the compounds against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsielle pneumoniae strains was studied. Compounds 1 and 2 have moderate minimum inhibition concentration values on the tested bacteria strains. Compound 3, with the Br-substituent groups, showed the highest activity on the bacterial strains.

This study employed a Bac-to-Bac/Bombyx mori bioreactor to mass-produce immunogenic urease subunit B (UreB) from Helicobacter pylori.The signal peptide bombyxin from B. mori was used to promote secretory expression to improve expression levels and was designed and integrated into the UreB gene to generate the Bacmid/BmNPV/(signal peptide)-UreB baculovirus expression system. To determine whether the bombyxin signal peptide resulted in secretory expression of recombinant UreB (rUreB) and to determine the secretory efficiency, we tested the secretory expression level of rUreB in Bm5 cells using ELISA. To further investigate whether secretory expression affected cell viability, cells were evaluated using 0.4% trypan blue staining, and Bacmid/BmNPV/UreB without the signal peptide served as a control. The above recombinant bacmid constructs were injected to silkworm larvae, and the secretory expression level of rUreB was detected using SDS-PAGE and semi-quantitative western blot analysis. The results indicated that the bombyxin signal peptide directed the secretory expression of rUreB and that this expression improved the viability of Bm5 cells. Moreover, the results showed that the expression level of rUreB was 1.5 times higher with the Bacmid/BmNPV constructs containing the bombyxin signal sequence than those without the signal sequence. These results demonstrate that secretory expression can enhance rUreB expression levels and is likely to aid in the large-scale expression and yield of rUreB in silkworm larvae.